要素には、パスワードのような「ユーザが知っていること(something you know)」、部屋のカギのような「ユーザが所持しているもの(something you have)」、指紋や虹彩(眼球の瞳の周辺にある膜)のような「ユーザ自身であるもの(something you are)」などがあり、このうちどれかふたつの要素を用いて認証を行うことを二要素認証と呼びます。
「多要素認証」とは、「ユーザが知っていること(something you know)」「ユーザが所持しているもの(something you have)」「ユーザ自身であるもの(something
you are)」のうち、ふたつ以上の要素を用いて認証を行うことで、二要素認証は多要素認証に含まれます。
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